A user profile is a collection of information, preferences, or characteristics that describe or identify an individual user of a product, service, or platform. In the context of advertising and marketing, a user profile can include demographic, behavioral, or psychological data, such as age, gender, interests, preferences, habits, or personality traits. A user profile can be created and maintained by an advertiser, a publisher, or a platform, and it can be used to help target and personalize advertising to individual users. A user profile can be based on data that is collected directly from the user, such as through surveys, forms, or social media profiles, or it can be inferred from data that is collected indirectly, such as through cookies, device IDs, or behaviors. User profiles can be updated and refined over time, and they can be used to improve the performance and effectiveness of advertising campaigns. However, user profiles can also be sensitive or private, and they can be subject to different laws and regulations regarding data protection, privacy, and consent.